Visible Light Communication Chronicles - Part V - The Boards

The boards are here !! The images shown below are the VLC RX and TX boards i designed as shields for the Arduino UNO. An array of 12 LEDs forms the transmitter, a TEMD6200FX photodiode on the RX board, an Analog Devices XRAD8051 transimpedance amplifier followed by a SY8890 limiting amplifier. The wires on the TX board are test points i added at every stage of the output blocks. The FTDI is an alternative interface to connect the boards on USB-UART to a cellphone over OTG. The control path signalling is implemented using the NRF24L01+ RF module.

Time to solder all them components and get 'em boards runnin' (strong southern accent :P)

Wireless RGB Light Control (Adafruit BT + NeoPixels)

This is a massive upgrade to my earlier project that i posted a couple a days ago here. The interface using the RoundButtons from Coding4Fun toolkit looks much cleaner and aesthetic. More features like controlling the light intensity, single tap color change, turning off all the LEDs on the shield, reflection of a hardware reset in the phone UI etc. The paragraphs below briefly detail out the two main components.

The Roundbuttons - Created using the RoundButton class from coding4fun toolkit. These buttons have two event handlers registered in the code, one for Hold and other for a Click. Holding a button for a certain duration causes the color selector window to pop up. This window has a Hexagon color picker interface created using the same coding4fun toolkit. Touching and dragging your finger on this picker will update the selected RGB LED color in real-time. Once a color is selected it can be applied to one or more LEDs by clicking on them, this is handled by the Click event handler.

The ColorPicker - The hexagon color picker has a handler registered to it's Color Changed event. The color data received is framed in a transmission packet and sent over the BT interface to the Arduino board in this handler. Adjusting the slider below the color picker adjusts the brightness of the LEDs. The Turn Off button turns off all the LEDs on the shield and also clears the button background color on the UI.

Implementation

All the round buttons used, follow the xaml template shown below. 40 buttons have been created using the same xaml statement. The only difference is the Name field which is unique for each button. The buttons are placed inside a Grid component therefore the (0, 0) grid position corresponds to the upper left LED near the Reset button on the RGB shield. the buttons have been named in a similar pattern. The button inside the     (0, 0) grid cell is named a_a, the button in cell (0, 1) as a_b, (1, 0) as b_a and so on. All buttons have the same Click and Hold event handler.

When the application is started it establishes a connetion with the Arduino BT shield, which exposes serial ports to the Arduino. (The shield uses the BT Serial Port Profile) The read / write operations on the arduino are done using the softwareserial library at 9600 baud. On the phone side, DataReader and  DataWriter objects are created to read from the Socket (StremSocket class). The socket connects using the ConnectAsync call in the StreamSocket class.

When a button is held for a specific amount of time the Hold Event occurs. This triggers the hold event handler and opens another window that displays the hexagon color picker. The hexagon color picker has a event handler attached to its ColorChanged event. When you touch the color picker and move your finger over it, the ColorChanged handler is continuously called. The OS passes the sender and the Color to the event handler. Inside the event handler, the serial packet to be transmitted to the arduino is built. It has the format as shown below. Hence if i click on button (2, 3) in the grid with full green color selected on the color picker then the packet will be

c_d_0_255_0

As the data is sent as a String the "_" is used as a separator. This command will be parsed on the Arduino. Since the X and Y co-ordinate positions in the command are fixed at offsets 0 and 2 respectively the value can be easily obtained by doing a (int)command[0] - 97. extracting the color values requires a little processing. This value can be then sent to the NeoPixel Library. The intensity adjustment follows a similar format with a smaller packet and a command identifier as 'I'. An alternative method would be to send the numerical values corresponding to the buttons directly. But i could not find any means to figure out which button inside the grid had been clicked without using the Name property....(duh)

When the arduino is reset all LEDs on the phone UI need to be turned off. This is accomplished by sending the string "RESET" from the Arduino to the phone. The phone maintains a journal in an custom LEDManager class about the LEDs that are currently active. When the reset command is received, using the DependencyObject with the grid as the parent and the VisualTreeHelper class, a list of all buttons in the parent is created, then iterating over the List, each button's background color is set the to the OFF color which is black. Similarly when the Turn Off button is clicked on the color picker interface it sends a "OFF" command to the Arduino, turning off all the LEDs and clearing the UI.

Most of the actions are demonstrated in the below video where you can see me messing around with the LEDs.

Some Usage scenarios

1. Arduino Powered Up, Windows phone BT turned ON, Application start

In this case the serial link is established between the phone and the arduino hardware and the data packets are exchanged normally between the two.

2. Arduino Powered Up, Windows Phone BT turned OFF, Application start

In this case the application will open a message box indicating the the phone bluetooth connection is turned off. The application UI will be disabled. Application will have to exit and be restarted once the phone BT is turned ON

3. Arduino OFF, Whindows phone BT turned ON, Applicatino start

- Undefined behavior. Application runs without crashing. Re-connect will not happen even when the board is powered up. The application needs to be restarted.

Future upgrades include hooking up the shield with Facebook API, group control of LEDs, Gesture controls, using sensor interfaces on the WP8 to manipulate LED colore etc. Now this is one hell of a way to learn Windows Phone Programming....

References: 
Bluetooth communication between Arduino and Windows 8.1
Windows Phone API Reference


Where is all the code ? Here is the code running on the Arduino. The Windows Phone code will make this post the longest ever. Therefore i leave it up to you to implement.

	/*
	Adafruit NeoPixel Shield RGB Light Wireless control over Bluetooth
	Author : Rishi F.
	Adapted from the code written by - http://kuchenzeit.wordpress.com/
	Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
	of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
	in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
	to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
	copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
	furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
	The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
	all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
	THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
	IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
	FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
	AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
	LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
	OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
	THE SOFTWARE.
	*/
	#include <Adafruit_GFX.h>
	#include <Adafruit_NeoMatrix.h>
	#include <Adafruit_NeoPixel.h>
	#include <SoftwareSerial.h>
	const int TX_BT = 10; // Red Wire
	const int RX_BT = 11; // Yellow Wire
	#define PIN 6
	// #define SERIAL_DBG
	unsigned int cmdOffset = 4;
	unsigned int xpos = 0;
	unsigned int ypos = 0;
	unsigned int R = 0;
	unsigned int B = 0;
	unsigned int G = 0;
	unsigned int I = 0;
	#define NO_REDRAW 2
	#define REDRAW 1
	#define MAX_CMD_LEN 16
	// Enumerate new commands here
	enum PhoneCommands
	{
	RESET = 0,
	// Add more commands Here
	MAX_PH_CMDS
	};
	SoftwareSerial EzSerial(TX_BT, RX_BT);
	Adafruit_NeoMatrix matrix = Adafruit_NeoMatrix(5, 8, PIN,
	NEO_MATRIX_TOP + NEO_MATRIX_RIGHT +
	NEO_MATRIX_COLUMNS + NEO_MATRIX_PROGRESSIVE,
	NEO_GRB + NEO_KHZ800);
	//Process the incoming command from Windows Phone.
	int processCommand(char* command) {
	String i = " ";
	int index = 0;
	#ifdef SERIAL_DBG
	Serial.println(command);
	#endif
	if(command[0] == 'I') {
	cmdOffset = 2;
	while(command[cmdOffset] != '\0')
	{
	i.setCharAt(index, command[cmdOffset++]);
	index++;
	}
	I = i.toInt();
	index = 0;
	cmdOffset = 4;
	matrix.setBrightness(I);
	}
	if(command[0] == 'O') {
	matrix.fillScreen(0);
	return NO_REDRAW;
	}
	else {
	xpos = (int)command[0] - 97;
	ypos = (int)command[2] - 97;
	// Extract RGB values from the string rx'd
	R = String(strtok((command + cmdOffset), "_")).toInt();
	G = String(strtok(NULL, "_")).toInt();
	B = String(strtok(NULL, "_")).toInt();
	}
	return REDRAW;
	}
	void sendCmdToPhone(unsigned int cmd)
	{
	if(cmd > MAX_PH_CMDS){
	// Event Horizon...
	while(1);
	}
	switch(cmd)
	{
	case RESET:
	EzSerial.write(strlen("RESET"));
	EzSerial.print("RESET");
	EzSerial.flush();
	break;
	default:
	#ifdef SERIAL_DBG
	Serial.println("Command not implemented");
	#else
	break;
	#endif
	}
	}
	void setup() {
	#ifdef SERIAL_DBG
	Serial.begin(115200);
	Serial.println("USB Connected");
	#endif
	EzSerial.begin(9600);
	matrix.begin();
	matrix.setBrightness(40);
	matrix.fillScreen(0);
	matrix.show();
	sendCmdToPhone(RESET);
	}
	void loop() {
	if(EzSerial.available()) {
	int commandSize = (int)EzSerial.read();
	if(commandSize < MAX_CMD_LEN) {
	char command[commandSize];
	int commandPos = 0;
	while(commandPos < commandSize) {
	if(EzSerial.available()) {
	command[commandPos] = (char)EzSerial.read();
	commandPos++;
	}
	}
	command[commandPos] = 0;
	if(REDRAW == processCommand(command)) {
	matrix.drawPixel(ypos, xpos, matrix.Color(R, G, B));
	}
	matrix.show();
	EzSerial.flush();
	}
	}
	}

view raw BTGrid.ino hosted with ❤ by GitHub